How To Setup ShadowSocks VPN On Mac, Windows And Linux

ShadowSocks is used to encrypt the data between client and server communication. ShadowSocks server is a proxy server that will communicate with ShadowSocks client use the specified encryption method. It is not a VPN, but it can act like a VPN to protect you by encrypting your internet data. So this article will tell you how to set up and configure the ShadowSocks server in Ubuntu and how to set up and use the ShadowSocks client tool in macOS, Windows, and Linux.

1. Setup ShadowSocks Server In Ubuntu.

1. Use SSH client to connect to the Ubuntu server.
2. Execute sudo -i to switch to the root user.
3. Update and upgrade the OS packages with the below command.

   # apt update
   # apt upgrade

4. Enable BBR by edit /etc/sysctl.conf file with gedit. Enable BBR can improve the ShadowSocks proxy performance by maximizing network bandwidth usage.

   ~# gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

5. Add below two lines at end of file /etc/sysctl.conf and save.

   net.core.default_qdisc=fq
   net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr

6. Execute command reboot to reboot the ubuntu os.
7. After reboot, run lsmod | grep bbr command to verify the bbr configurations. If you see the tcp_bbr line in the console output that means bbr is enabled correctly.

   ~#lsmod | grep bbr
   tcp_bbr 20480 11

8. Now you can install the ShadowSocks server by executing either of the below commands.

   ~# apt install shadowsocks
   or
   ~# apt install python-pip
   ~# pip install shadowsocks

9. After that, you can run the command ssserver in the terminal to verify that the ShadowSocks server has been installed.

2. Configure And Start ShadowSocks Server.

1. Create a directory /etc/shadowsocks if the folder does not exist.

   $ sudo mkdir /etc/shadowsocks

2. Create a ShadowSocks configuration file in the above folder if the file does not exist.

   $ sudo gedit /etc/shadowsocks/config.json

3. Add below JSON data in the above file. Use your own server IP, port number, etc in the below JSON data.

   {
     "server":"0.0.0.0", ## Proxy server external ip address. 
     "server_port":8888, ## Proxy server listening port number.
     "local_address":"127.0.0.1",
     "local_port":1080, ## Local listening port number.
     "password":"888888", ## Proxy server connect password
     "timeout":300,
     "method":"aes-256-cfb",## Data encryption method
     "dast_open":false
   }

4. Start ShadowSocks server with the below command. To make sure the ShadowSocks server can be started without error, remove the -d command argument to show the server log in the console.

   ~$ sudo ssserver -c /etc/shadowsocks/config.json -d start

5. If you meet error messages like below.
   AttributeError: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.1: undefined symbol: EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup
6. You need to edit /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/shadowsocks/crypto/openssl.py file.
   Change line 52 from libcrypto.EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup.argtypes = (c_void_p,) to libcrypto.EVP_CIPHER_CTX_reset.argtypes = (c_void_p,),
   Change line 111 from libcrypto.EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup(self._ctx) to libcrypto.EVP_CIPHER_CTX_reset(self._ctx).
7. Then start the ShadowSocks server again, the error will disappear.
8. If you meet socket.error: [Errno 99] Cannot assign requested address error when you startup the ShadowSocks server like below. To fix it, just change the server ip to “0.0.0.0” in the  /etc/shadowsocks/config.json file.

   root@instance-3:~# ssserver -c /etc/shadowsocks/config.json start
   INFO: loading config from /etc/shadowsocks/config.json
   2019-02-06 09:47:00 INFO loading libcrypto from libcrypto.so.1.1
   2019-02-06 09:47:00 INFO starting server at 34.73.193.214:9090
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "/usr/bin/ssserver", line 11, in <module>
   load_entry_point('shadowsocks==2.9.0', 'console_scripts', 'ssserver')()
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/shadowsocks/server.py", line 74, in main
   tcp_servers.append(tcprelay.TCPRelay(a_config, dns_resolver, False))
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/shadowsocks/tcprelay.py", line 733, in __init__
   server_socket.bind(sa)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/socket.py", line 228, in meth
   return getattr(self._sock,name)(*args)
   socket.error: [Errno 99] Cannot assign requested address

3. Setup ShadowSocks Client Tool.

You can download the ShadowSocks client tool from the official download page.

3.1 For macOS.

1. Download ShadowsocksX-NG from GitHub.
2. It is a zip file, after unzip, you can use it directly.
3. When you click it to start, it will appear at the top right corner of the macOS Finder bar. The first little plane icon is just the ShadowSocks client tool icon.
   
4. Click the little plane icon, it will popup a menu list, click Servers —> Server Preferences… menu item to open server manager dialog.
5. Click the + button in the server list to add a new ShadowSocks server, input related server information such as server address, port number, Encryption method, Password, etc, and click the OK button to save it.
   
6. Now you can use the ShadowSocks server by clicking the ShadossocksX-NG icon( a little plane on macOS top right toolbar) —> Servers menu item, then you can select a ShadowSocks server from the popup server list.
7. Open a web browser, then you can find the web traffic go through the ShadowSocks server.

3.2 For Windows.

ShadowSocks windows client tool is similar to macOS client tool, you can download shadowsocks-win from GitHub, and the configuration is also easy like macOS.

3.3 For Linux.

3.3.1 Setup ShadowSocks Client Tool.

This tool will communicate with the ShadowSocks server use encrypted communication data.

1. Install ShadowSocks in your Linux follows Section 1, 2 in this article.
2. ShadowSocks installation can be used as a server, but it can also be used as a client tool. When you use it as a server you use the command ssserver to start it, and when you run the command sslocal, it will start the client tool.
3. Run the below command to install ShadowSocks software.

   ~$ sudo apt install shadowsocks

4. After install, the /etc/shadowsocks/config.json file has been created. Just edit its content to your own.

   ~$ sudo gedit /etc/shadowsocks/config.json
   {            
      "server":"1.2.1.2",
      "server_port":8888, 
      "local_address":"127.0.0.1",      
      "local_port":1080,      
      "password":"888888",      
      "timeout":300,      
      "method":"aes-256-cfb",     
      "dast_open":false 
   }

5. Run the command sslocal to start the ShadowSocks client tool. When you see the below message, it means the client tool has been started successfully.

   jerry@jerry-VirtualBox:~$ sslocal -c /etc/shadowsocks/config.json
   INFO: loading config from /etc/shadowsocks/config.json
   2018-10-01 21:28:25 INFO loading libcrypto from libcrypto.so.1.1
   2018-10-01 21:28:25 INFO starting local at 127.0.0.1:1080

3.3.2 Setup Local HTTP Proxy Server.

The polipo is a caching web proxy, it can redirect your HTTP request to socks5 proxy server. Or you can use another HTTP proxy tool which has the same feature that you are familiar with.

1. Install polipo in ubuntu using the below command.

   ~$ sudo apt-get install polipo

2. Stop polipo and add below proxy configuration code in polipo configuration file /etc/polipo/config

   ~$ sudo service polipo stop
   ~$ sudo gedit /etc/polipo/config
   
   # Add below polopo settings data 
   socksParentProxy = localhost:1080
   proxyPort = 8787

3. Start polipo service again.

   ~$ sudo service polipo start

4. Run ps -ef | grep polipo to ensure the polipo proxy server has started.

   jerry@jerry-VirtualBox:~$ ps -ef|grep polipo
   proxy 641 1 0 15:37 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/polipo -c /etc/polipo/config pidFile=/var/run/polipo/polipo.pid daemonise=true

5. Add export http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8787 at the end of the current user $HOME/.bashrc file.
6. Run source $HOME/.bashrc command to make the above configuration effective.

3.3.3 Configure Firefox To Use polipo Local HTTP Proxy Server.

1. Open Firefox web browser. Click the Open Menu button at the top right corner, then click the Preferences menu item, input proxy in the top search box, click the Settings… button behind Network Proxy configuration, then it will popup the Connection Settings configuration dialog.
2. In the Connection Settings pop-up window, choose the Manual proxy configuration radio button, and input 127.0.0.1 after the HTTP Proxy address input box, and 8787 in the Port number input box ( our polipo caching proxy just run at localhost and listen on port 8787.). Check the checkbox Use this proxy server for all protocols.

3.3.4 Set Chrome Use polipo Local HTTP Proxy Server.

1. Open the google chrome Settings dialog by clicking the three-vertical-dot icon on the chrome browser top right corner, then click the Settings menu item in the drop-down menu list.
2. Search the keyword proxy in the google chrome settings dialog.
3. Click Open your computer’s proxy settings item to open the Ubuntu Linux Network configuration dialog.
4. Click Network Proxy item to manually change proxy server IP to 127.0.0.1 and port number to 8787 which the polipo HTTP proxy server is using.

3.3.5 Set ShadowSocks Android App.

1. Download ShadowSocks android app from google play store.
2. Install it on an android device.
3. Click the ShadowSocks icon to start the android app.
4. Click the + icon at the app top right corner to add a ShadowSocks server profile in the app.
5. Input the profile name, server IP, server port number, password, encrypt method, click the checkmark( √ ) to save the server profile.
6. Select a ShadowSocks server in the profiles list, then click the little plane button at the app bottom right to connect to the ShadowSocks server.
7. When you see a key icon displayed at the top status bar, the ShadowSocks server has been connected.

4. Question & Answer.

4.1 How to connect to company network secure through the internet.

1. I use macOS in daily work from home, and I want to connect to my company network through the internet, can I use the ShadowSocks client & server tool to achieve the goal? Thanks a lot.
2. Yes, you can follow this article to install the ShadowSocks server-side on your company machine ( the server machine should have a public IP address ), and install the ShadowSocks macOS client tool on your macOS at home, then you can connect to your company machine through the ShadowSocks.

Reference

1. Ubuntu SSH Remote Login Installation And Configuration Example